Ongoing Research
Research on estimating GHG emissions from reservoirs is always advancing to fill in knowledge gaps, improve predictions and integrate new hydropower techniques, such as pumped storage hydropower (PSH).
In 2020, the International Hydropower Association (IHA) launched the International Forum on Pumped Storage Hydropower (IFPSH), chaired by the U.S. Department of Energy. The forum allowed three industry-led working groups to convene and develop recommendations on how PSH can contribute to the clean energy transition.
The three working groups were "Policy and Market Frameworks", "Capabilities, Costs and Innovation", and "Sustainability." Their publications can be found here and information on the upcoming IFPSH 2025 in Paris can be found here.
In the September 2021 report from the Sustainability Working Group "Working Paper on Sustainability of Pumped Storage Hydropower" (Annex E), the authors outline the particular considerations when estimating GHG emissions from PSH as opposed to classical hydropower situations.
Currently, the G-res tool cannot be used to adequately estimate GHG emissions from pumped storage, but work is underway to explore how the G-res tool could be adapted for this. In addition, a completely new process-based dynamic model is being developed that may be more universally applicable to all reservoirs, including those for PSH.